Which complications can occur from applications that are very cold?

The application of very cold treatments can lead to complications such as blisters and burns due to the extreme temperature affecting the skin and underlying tissues. When ice or cold packs are applied for extended periods or directly on the skin without a protective barrier, the localized temperature can cause damage similar to that caused by heat. This phenomenon occurs because cold temperatures can constrict blood vessels, reducing circulation and leading to tissue injury. The skin may blister if the cold application is prolonged, as the skin's cells can become frozen or damaged, similar to a thermal burn.

The other options represent symptoms that are not directly associated with cold applications. Fever typically indicates an infection or systemic response rather than localized cold exposure. Confusion may be related to other medical conditions or situations but is not a common complication of cold applications. Similarly, nausea and vomiting are not typical reactions to cold applications and would be more associated with other underlying health problems or reactions. Understanding the effects of cold therapy is essential in wound care to prevent unintended injuries and ensure patient safety.